Simple interest vs compound interest
Simple interest is earned only on the original principal. Compound interest is earned on the principal *and* on the interest already added, so your money grows faster the longer it stays invested. Bank FDs, RDs, PPF and mutual funds work on compounding; some personal loans and short-term lending use simple interest.
The formulas
| ₹1,00,000 at 8% | Simple interest | Compound interest (yearly) |
|---|---|---|
| 5 years | ₹40,000 | ₹46,933 |
| 10 years | ₹80,000 | ₹1,15,892 |
| 20 years | ₹1,60,000 | ₹3,66,096 |
The gap widens dramatically with time — after 20 years, compounding earns more than twice as much interest as simple interest at the same rate.
The Rule of 72
A quick way to estimate how long compounding takes to double your money: divide 72 by the annual rate. At 8% it takes roughly 72 ÷ 8 = 9 years; at 12%, about 6 years. More frequent compounding — monthly rather than yearly — speeds it up slightly.
Compounding works against you on debt too. Credit-card balances compound monthly, which is why unpaid dues grow so quickly.
Years to double your money
| Annual rate | Years to double (Rule of 72) |
|---|---|
| 6% | 12 years |
| 8% | 9 years |
| 10% | 7.2 years |
| 12% | 6 years |

